Tuesday, July 08, 2008

Cardboard Flatness

When I was in college, I triple majored in English, journalism, and sociology with a minor in creative writing (you could only minor in creative writing at my university). The creative writing department was headed up by Stephen Barza, who since passed rather suddenly from cancer. He was a gentle soul, a really decent guy, who clearly loved writing, and somehow infected me with that love. And the one thing I remember really learning was this thing about "cardboard" characters. They were flat characters, not three-dimensional.

Of course, I wasn't, at 17 and 18, really sure what that meant exactly. Sometimes, I thought it meant if I didn't LIKE someone else's character. Or someone else's short story. I've since discovered that what I now call a "meh" is often cardboard.

But ultimately, I came to understand--all these years later--that it's when I don't believe a character. When I don't FEEL a character . . . then it's cardboard. I learned this lesson, most clearly, in the heyday of chick lit. Now, don't get me wrong, I WROTE chick lit. I still have comedies littered all over my hard drive that I am working on. (Only now you have to call them romantic comedies or comic novels to sell them.) But I soon found out that in this onward rush to publish chick lit, publishers bought in quantity, and writers who were never particularly sure if they could write a novel, popped out of the woodwork with these tales that were rather like their lives or their lives in their 20s or college, with the idea, "Well, I could write a book like that." No research after all. It was all about the voice. Anyone could write one. Or could they?

Along the way, a few acquaintances asked me to read their books. One worked at a place where I used to . . . I never minded doing the favor. I was also asked to blurb a few. And some of the characters, to me, were just a list of traits. 20-something, works in an ad agency, mother is a shrew, boyfriend can't commit. These were women defined through the eyes of OTHERS. (I.e., defined by a boyfriend who can't commit as a TRAIT, as a CONFLICT), versus themselves. I think one of the more "unusual" aspects of Spanish Disco was Cassie, the heroine, was afraid to commit for a far more existential reason than most chick lit. And it was HER trait. Not the trait of the men defining her. They didn't define her. SHE defined her.

The other thing I noticed in some of these manuscripts, was the traits weren't carried all the way through. Being a model isn't a trait. Being a bride isn't a trait. Being insecure because you're defined by your beauty IS a trait. Fearing a wedding because you never got over the one that got away . . . trait. Even more so, the quirks and nuances weren't there. Maybe it was the rush to write a book on the cusp of a trend, or not learning craft because it "seemed" so easy. Last night, I was telling a writer friend about my chicken.

No, I don't have a chicken. But I DO have a chicken cookie jar. It's the singularly most ridiculous cookie jar in the world. If I get around to it, I will snap a picture and post it. My chicken has a beret and a blue checkered suit vest on. And my chicken cookie jar belonged to my grandma. Because I loved her so much, I don't want anything to HAPPEN to the cookie jar (like a Demon Baby). So my chicken sits on a BOOKSHELF and contains spare cash, poker change at times, and occasionally Chinese herbs from my acupuncturist. But that ONE cookie jar can tell you so much about me. Because of who it belonged to and what she meant to me. I'm not cardboard. I'm real as hell.

So all these years later, I think I'm beginning to know what's cardboard. And what's flesh and blood. At least I hope so.

Thoughts?

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37 Comments:

Anonymous Amy Nathan said...

You always pull through, Erica. What a great way to think about characters. I believe I do that already, using the character internal conflicts and background to build their external lives.

Perhaps a reader who said she thought my MC was one-dimensional in a particular chapter did not find the character believeable. I suppose that can come from many places.

I work with my characters to make them appropriately 3 dimensional - so this troubled me.

I also believe that on the surface a character can appear one-dimensional (just like a 'real' person) unless you are privvy (as readers are) to the background, the subtext and the motivation behind scenes or dialogue. A flip or seemingly offhand comment by my MC -- that might 'sound' simple -is the result of an internal and overt struggle with her place in her own life, and the life of others.

Maybe it's a matter, for readers, of not how a character seems on the surface, but how they are and what leads them to a certain place.

OK, pre-coffee ramble over.

8:33 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Hi Amy:
Readers bring their own expectaions into the mix. Sometimes it's hard to separate what MIGHT be true from what's "true just for this one beta reader."

E

9:07 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Jude Hardin said...

I think I get the metaphor--characters lacking substance, emotional depth and so forth, who are merely pawns in service of the author's often-contrived plot; but, in my experience, calling characters "cardboard" is sometimes an easy and mostly meaningless way for academic types to dismiss genre fiction as trash.

They like to talk about John Grisham's "cardboard characters," Dean Koontz's "mindnumbingly bad prose," and Stephen King's "abysmal sentence structure," and then proceed to bore you to the brink of suicide with James Joyce or some other "great" writer who died drunk and penniless and whose work cannot and never will be understood by the unwashed masses.

So a proclamation of "flatness," I think, at least sometimes, comes from literary biases, from professors whose professors before them said it was so, and not from an actual fair examination.

9:22 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger spyscribbler said...

I find the chick lit thing ridiculous. Instead of letting the genre level out after it had the found better writers, every turned down their noses at the term "chick lit." But they still bought it, it's still selling, only you have to call it romantic comedy now, or whatever. Give me a break.

"Meh" is a perfect word to describe cardboard characters.

9:28 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Jude:
I disagree. A flat character in commercial fiction is just as fair a criticism as in literature. There is commercial fiction that somehow just makes you believe in the characters. Just as there is plenty of meh commercial fiction. I tend to pick up some things, and by chapter three, I just don't CARE enough to go on.
E

9:38 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

spy:
As someone who still likes to WRITE comedy, I hate the way it's a pariah now, too.
E

9:38 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Mark Terry said...

Interesting. It does seem to be something of an individual thing, though. Although I agree, for instance, that Michael Crichton rarely writes really memorable characters, one exception is probably Jurassic Park, where, especially, the character of Ian Malcolm came to life. Of course, it's hard to tell now whether the reason I think so is because of the movie and Jeff Goldblum's great job as the character, but I've read tons of Crichton and for the life of me can't even remember the names of the characters or anything about them. Yet, I remembered the mathematician character and his name even before the movie came out.

From a writer's perspective I suppose a lot of it has to do with how "organic" your characterizations are. Did you throw a bunch of character traits together just because you thought they'd be memorable or did you spend some time thinking about the character and what made those quirks and traits. I think you can probably go too far with some of them. Yes, your dwarf detective drinks stingers for breakfast. And rather than the fact that he drinks stingers for breakfast because he's up all night working, you give him some Freudian thing like his mother used to keep him home from school so the other kids wouldn't make fun of him and used to share stingers with him, even though he was 12...

Or maybe that works. Hmmm....

9:42 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Mark:
LOL! You trot out that detective all the time. But you know . . . the mom back story works. :-)
E

9:50 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Heather Harper said...

My dining room consists of French Country decor. Except for the glazed ceramic coffee mug of Santa. And the sterling silver hand bell and green teddy bear beanie from McDonalds that sits inside the mug that is placed in the dining room hutch.

They were the last gifts from my grandmother gave to my kids (foraged from her kitchen) before she completely forgot who we were.

9:55 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Heather Harper said...

I did a bang up job editing that comment, huh? ;-)

10:03 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Jude Hardin said...

Mark: I can see Danny Devito in that role. :)

Erica: But I don't think flatness necessarily equals badness, any more than roundness necessarily equals goodness. Erle Stanley Gardner (creator of Perry Mason), for example, is often criticized as having flat characters. He sold more books than...anybody. His stories--flat characters and all--obviously struck a nerve among a large segment of the population.

So I don't think there's anything intrinsically bad about flat characters, as the English Department would have us to believe. Like you always say, it's all in the execution.

10:23 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Kath Calarco said...

I'm enrolled in a writing program at a local college, and although at times my professor takes shots at genre fiction, he gives kudos when warranted. And sure, there are some professors still entrenched in a belief that the only good fiction is literary. Those guys also cough dust, they're so old. (My prof is younger than me, so maybe that's why he's not so literary fictionalized.)

In my world, all literature, whether genre or not, is subjective. Flat characters exist in both, as well as cardboard writing in both. If a story entertains me on a whole, then it's a job well done. (I have a complete Christopher Moore collection - not cardboard to me, but could be to others, like I care.)

11:13 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Sarah Laurenson said...

I read a good romantic comedy recently that has well developed primary and secondary characters (Bet Me - Jennifer Crusie).

The secondary characters are not only interacting with the primaries, they're also interacting with each other. Life does not stop because the prime is paying attention to something else.

It's a fine line to walk keeping POV in mind.

I have a book that 2 agents said they could not connect to the MC. Have to take another look and see if she needs more rounding.

I heard it described well not that long ago. Some books are like TV - enjoyable fluff.

11:27 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Heather:
I love people's little treasures that they keep. I think they DO tell us so much.
E

11:37 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Jude:
Well . . . if I was a writer, I would be grateful that my flat character struck a nerve--but I sure as heck wouldn't set out to WRITE that way.
E

11:37 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Kath:
LOVE Moore!! One of my favorites!
E

11:38 AM, July 08, 2008  
Anonymous LaDonna said...

LOL, I've met cardboard people before so I really get this. I imagine it's whatever works for the reader, and if they connect and care. Characterization is one of my favorite aspects of writing. It's their party!

And I have a clown cookie jar, stored cause it scares the hell outta me, but it was a family heirloom. I bought a teddybear one when I became a gramdma for the first time. But hubby dropped the lid, and teddy has a small hole in the back of his head...now covered by strong tape. Hmmm, suppose that could scare someone too. LOL.

11:52 AM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Jude Hardin said...

If a story entertains me on a whole, then it's a job well done.

I agree. To use a sports analogy...Rafael Nadal, who won the Wimbledon Championship Sunday, is fun for me to watch. I don't need to know about his lousy childhood or any of that David Copperfield crap (to borrow from Salinger); he's like a snarling Doberman and he's fun to watch and that's all I care about. The same might be said about Travis Mcgee or Jack Reacher or any number of my favorite genre heroes. We might get glimpses into their psyches from time to time (or we might think we do), but it's really what they do (proactive and reactive) more than who they are that drives the stories. To me.

12:03 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Jude:
I can certainly appreciate your POV, but it's not an analogy that I think works. Watching a tennis match is a visual, sports thing--all we care about is the adrenaline rush of the excitement of the game. We're passive. We're not required to keep reading for 300 pages. I think if a writer today were to turn in a Travis McGee book, they'd have a tough sell. YOU may enjoy that hero, and indeed were maybe raised on him, so you may have an "emotional" of sorts history of enjoying him, or you've read a bunch and he's familiar. But his very cardboard misogyny is a big turnoff for a lot of modern readers. Particularly women. And that aside, again, if you are submitting, it's still, always, I think, going to be "what new thing do you, as writer, bring to the table." A character of "private eye, tough guy," etc. isn't going to stand out. It's too flat, too broadly painted. I've seen way too many friends try to break in with characters that are that kind of broad-stroke persona, and it's a tough battle. Not, again, that people can't be successful with it . . . but tough to do without some other "wow" factor (such as Crichton's science as centerpiece).

12:51 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Ladonna:
Clowns terrify me.
E

12:51 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Kath Calarco said...

LaDonna, LOL on the teddy bear with the hole in its head. Too funny! I'm with you on the clown thing, just be prepared when you open the closet where you keep it stored, if you know what I mean...

1:25 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Ewoh Nairb said...

Cardboard characters, to me, are like those cardboard cut-out-stand-up things they use at the movie theater. They look like real people from the front. But there really isn't anything there to back them up.

Another way to look at that is to say that they are place-holder characters... like there could be a multi-dimensional character to go there, but for now you just have a generic place-holder.

I live in Orange County, halfway between LA and San Diego. We have a plethora of cardboard characters living here. They do the right things, dress the right way with the right clothes, have all the right friends... you get the picture. But having a conversation with them about anything that is not on MTV or in a social magazine is either extremely painful or impossible. They are very two-dimensional people.

My point here is that cardboard characters could be seen as poor writing, or based on real live but utterly two-dimensional people. And just because characters in a book are two-dimensional does not make the book unsaleable - take The Da Vinci Code for example.

I prefer characters who develop and grow and have many facets. That doesn't mean that I'm better at judging literature, or more learned or erudite. It just means that I have a preference. One of my best friends loves to read action-adventure stories (like the ones mentioned by Jude). He hates the books I read. We have completely different tastes. Who is right?

I'll keep working at having my characters be more than cardboard regardless of what sells or is popular because those are the characters I like... the ones on my head :)

2:53 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Travis Erwin said...

Nice post. Great minds must think alike because I too blogged about character today.

2:59 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Mel said...

I don't know what really defines a flat character. All I know is whether or not the character has engaged me as a reader. Some more than others.

For instance Tucker Longstreet is forever etched into my brain. Who is the heroine? Something Waverly. Does that make her flat? No, she just didn't engange me as a reader in that story, because I had Tucker Longstreet.

So, I said all that to say some characters are just more potent. (The book I'm referring to is Carnal Innocence (sp?) by Nora Roberts)

3:00 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Hi Ewoh:
I used to love the Fletch novels when I was in high school. I had a crush on Fletch. He was funny. Is he the best-developed character in fiction? Nope. But the books moved, they entertained me . . . but you're right . . . what do you like to read. I guess it's what you aspire to. Writing-wise, I at least hope I'm aiming for more flesh and blood. And I think the lessons I learned were valuable sheerly from a writing standpoint.
E

3:02 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Travis:
Cool. off to check it out!
E

3:02 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Hi Mel:
We're all "grabbed" by different things--and turned off by different characterizations. I love the Butch Karp character (Robert K. Tannenbaum's series), but by the END of the series, his traits were a laundry list because by them you had gone through a dozen books with him. Reading him at FIRST, I found him lively and engaging. He's just a character I enjoyed tremendously.
E

3:04 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Mel said...

Erica- I know what you mean. I use to live and breathe the Spencer series by Robert B. Parker. But then he started to feel "meh" to me. I'd seen it all before and was no longer impressed. The sad thing is I think that's what make people call certain character's flat. The hooker with the heart of gold was original at one time.

I don't know, maybe the key is to dig a little deeper. It could just be the writer in me that finds the "Why?"*a character is the way they are* just as intriguing as the actual character traits.

3:10 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Jude Hardin said...

Good points, Erica, although Lee Child's Jack Reacher and Barry Eisler's John Rain, among others, prove that the "knight errant" is still very much a viable character.

And Travis Mcgee loved women. He was chivalrous if anything. It wasn't his fault most of the women he hooked up with ended up being blown to smithereens or something. ;)

Don't get me wrong. I like character-driven stories too, and even try to flesh out my own knight errant in a literary sort of way sometimes--as long as it doesn't bog the story down.

I admit the tennis analogy isn't great. I just needed somewhere to put my "snarling Doberman" descriptor. :)

3:24 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Zoe Winters said...

That's awesome! I think a lot of times we (meaning me) don't dig deep enough. And there have to be the other layers there. This is one benefit of character sketches that not everybody see's upfront, because we get backstory that doesn't make it to the novel. And maybe not everything gets spelled out in detail but there are enough layers that you feel like this place and these people exist and you can go there and touch all of it.

5:12 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Mel:
I agree. Somehow, I think you have to be able to drag, even a recurring character, through some soul-searching depths.
E

5:13 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Jude:
Maybe with Eisler's, for example, it just holds up well because of its modernity--for me, right now.
E

5:14 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Zoe:
I think my characters--like Jon was saying the other day on this blog--are "bigger" than the book, than what could fit. Maybe that's it.
E

5:15 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Aimless Writer said...

Romantic comedy. A rose by any other name...
I liked a lot of chick-lit. There were/are authors in every genre I like better then others.
I think making the character 3 dimensional is the key to a great book. When readers identify with a character thats magic.

Re: Judes comments-I loved Dean Koontz's vocab. Its like dancing with words.
:)
My cookie jar is a black bear. No special story there but its full of ipod wires, reciepts I'm too lazy to file and odd jewelry. I think we should do a poll on people and their cookie jars. It must mean something freudian.

8:50 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger Erica Orloff said...

Aimless:
Cookie jars and the repositories of our souls. ;-)

Now that I think about it, since I want to be cremated . . . maybe I can have them put my ashes in the chicken cookie jar.

E

9:03 PM, July 08, 2008  
Blogger peter.w said...

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8:43 AM, August 19, 2008  
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8:48 PM, August 21, 2008  

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